{"id":11678,"date":"2026-07-29T16:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T09:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/?p=11678"},"modified":"2026-07-29T16:59:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T09:59:12","slug":"lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eaft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh quanh ta. T\u1eeb m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh hay robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1eabn k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng VTI Academy kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngay nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1eddi gian \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00f9y theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 \u2013 2,5 th\u00e1ng)<\/h3>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, to\u00e1n t\u1eed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (if, switch, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p for\/while), h\u00e0m v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho con tr\u1ecf, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (struct) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft code nh\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm, m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u2013 song song, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 transistor. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1: c\u1ed5ng logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (AND, OR, NOT, XOR), b\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: L\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u2013 3 th\u00e1ng)<\/h3>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng C v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Arduino. B\u1ed9 kit Arduino Uno ho\u1eb7c Nano gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Arduino IDE, vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y LED, \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00fat b\u1ea5m, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eed c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi Arduino, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 STM32 ho\u1eb7c ESP32. ESP32 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n Wi-Fi v\u00e0 Bluetooth, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn IoT. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n GPIO, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao ti\u1ebfp tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (UART, I2C, SPI), b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi (timer) v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft (interrupt). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc datasheet c\u1ee7a vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng; h\u00e3y t\u1eadp th\u00f3i quen tra c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 copy code m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: N\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (kho\u1ea3ng 3 \u2013 4 th\u00e1ng)<\/h3>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (RTOS), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 FreeRTOS \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m task, queue, semaphore v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: MQTT cho IoT, BLE ho\u1eb7c Wi-Fi cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD\/OLED, th\u1ebb nh\u1edb SD ho\u1eb7c module GPS. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng debugger, quan s\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng oscilloscope (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n USB gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch log.<\/p>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Git v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c code s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng header file h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng khi b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t, robot tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00ean cloud, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc: l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch, vi\u1ebft code, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Ghi l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c quay video demo, r\u1ed3i chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean GitHub ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean Linux nh\u00fang, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi FPGA ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u00ean, t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 \u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc sai h\u01b0\u1edbng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef9, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/h3>\n

Cu\u1ed1n \u201cProgramming Embedded Systems in C and C++\u201d c\u1ee7a Michael Barr cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang. \u201cAn Embedded Software Primer\u201d c\u1ee7a David E. Simon gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ARM.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean Coursera ho\u1eb7c Udemy v\u1ec1 Embedded Systems v\u1edbi Arduino v\u00e0 STM32 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng th\u1eed, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 website ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

Trang arduino.cc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi STM32, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng STM32CubeIDE c\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb STMicroelectronics. V\u1edbi ESP32, trang c\u1ee7a Espressif cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 phong ph\u00fa. Datasheet lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/h3>\n

Tham gia c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Facebook v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang v\u00e0 Arduino t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, subreddit r\/embedded v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean Discord c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 Arduino IDE, PlatformIO, STM32CubeIDE ho\u1eb7c VS Code k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p extension ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kit Arduino Uno, ESP32 DevKit ho\u1eb7c Blue Pill STM32 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm mua. Sau n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam module c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

N\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau: \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u, xem kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9o gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n

T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft code v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng phai nh\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u1eaft, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eaft thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ecdc h\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang\u201d, h\u00e3y chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu\u1ea7n: ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh module \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n LED b\u1eb1ng PWM, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DHT11, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ch giao ti\u1ebfp I2C \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o th\u00f3i quen ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 tay ho\u1eb7c file ghi ch\u00fa s\u1ed1 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf. Khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n

Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang, l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb code, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y, t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb module b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o code.<\/p>\n

Tham gia c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng khai<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u0103ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00f9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/h3>\n

L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o. Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c xem l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169. H\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 sau khi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng<\/h3>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 IoT, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi khi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang chi ti\u1ebft, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay h\u00f4m nay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Arduino v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh LED nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean follow fanpage VTI Academy \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang b\u1ea1n nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh quanh ta. T\u1eeb m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh hay robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":11679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11678"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11683,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11678\/revisions\/11683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtiacademy.site\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}